Consistency and Homogeneity of Atmospheric Energy, Moisture, and Mass Budgets in ERA5
- Autor(en)
- Johannes Mayer, Michael Mayer, Leopold Haimberger
- Abstrakt
This study uses advanced numerical and diagnostic methods are used to evaluate the atmospheric energy budget with the fifth generation European Re-Analysis (ERA5) in combination with observed and reconstructed top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) energy fluxes for the period 1985–2018. We assess the meridional as well as ocean-to-land energy transport and perform internal consistency checks using mass-balanced data. Furthermore, the moisture and mass budgets in ERA5 are examined and compared with previous budget evaluations using ERA-Interim as well as observation-based estimates. Results show that peak annual mean meridional atmospheric energy transports in ERA5 (4.58±0.07 PW in the northern hemisphere) are weaker compared to ERA-Interim (4.74±0.09 PW), where the higher spatial and temporal resolution of ERA5 can be excluded as possible reason. The ocean-to-land energy transport in ERA5 is reliable at least from 2000 onwards (∼2.5 PW) such that the imbalance between net TOA fluxes and lateral energy fluxes over land are on the order of ∼1W m-2. Spin-up/-down effects as revealed from inconsistencies between analyses and forecasts are generally smaller and temporally less variable in ERA5 compared to ERA-Interim. Evaluation of the moisture budget shows that the ocean-to-land moisture transport and parameterized freshwater fluxes agree well in ERA5, while there are large inconsistencies in ERA-Interim. Overall, the quality of the budgets derived from ERA5 is demonstrably better than estimates from ERA-Interim. Still some particularly sensitive budget quantities (e.g., precipitation, evaporation, and ocean-land energy transport) show apparent inhomogeneities, especially in the late 1990s, which warrant further investigation and need to be considered in studies of interannual variability and trends.
- Organisation(en)
- Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik
- Externe Organisation(en)
- European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)
- Journal
- Journal of Climate
- Band
- 34
- Seiten
- 3955-3974
- Anzahl der Seiten
- 20
- ISSN
- 0894-8755
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0676.1
- Publikationsdatum
- 05-2021
- Peer-reviewed
- Ja
- ÖFOS 2012
- 105206 Meteorologie
- Schlagwörter
- ASJC Scopus Sachgebiete
- Atmospheric Science
- Link zum Portal
- https://ucrisportal.univie.ac.at/de/publications/consistency-and-homogeneity-of-atmospheric-energy-moisture-and-mass-budgets-in-era5(2525de32-6206-4f37-9f61-9be4e578110a).html